There is therefore a growing need for sensitive and reliable methods to probe tumor-derived exosomes rapidly and specifically, yet with modest requirements of sample volumes. Received: JanuAccepted: MaPublished: Ma3943ĭOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00373 ACS Nano 2017, 11, 3943−3949ĪCS Nano methods.12,13 Meanwhile, techniques capable of analyzing samples in small amounts, such as surface plasmon resonance-based methods,14,15 involve expensive instrumentation and sophisticated technical skills. One difficulty © 2017 American Chemical Society Xosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (50−100 nm) released from multivesicular bodies through an endolysosomal pathway.1,2 Exosomes carry abundant macromolecules from their parental cells, including transmembrane and cytosolic proteins, mRNA, DNA, and microRNA,3−5 thus serving as messengers for mediating intercellular communication.6 On the basis of their significant role in indicating disease-related, especially cancer-related, alteration of physiological status, exosomes have been recognized as promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, thereby overcoming challenges in cancer detection, such as the expense of invasive screening and low sensitivity.4,5,7−11 Despite the numerous publications of qualitative studies, quantification of exosomes remains challenging. Moreover, given the tedious steps required to isolate exosomes from body fluids, it is not easy to collect abundant samples for continuous analysis using current Another problem involves the detection of exosomes in low concentration, commonly occurring in the early stage of disease, which requires highly sensitive methods. For example, flow cytometry detection is limited by weak light scattering, and particle-tracking methods fail at detection with specificity.
Involves the direct and specific analysis of the nanoscale exosomes. KEYWORDS: aptasensor, exosomes, nanotetrahedron, expanded nucleotide, electrochemistry We thus expect the NTH-assisted electrochemical aptasensor to become a powerful tool for comprehensive exosome studies. The present study provides a proof-of-concept for sensitive and efficient quantification of tumor-derived exosomes. The oriented immobilization of aptamers significantly improved the accessibility of an artificial nucleobase-containing aptamer to suspended exosomes, and the NTH-assisted aptasensor could detect exosomes with 100-fold higher sensitivity when compared to the single-stranded aptamer-functionalized aptasensor.
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Herein, we combined the strengths of advanced aptamer technology, DNA-based nanostructure, and portable electrochemical devices to develop a nanotetrahedron (NTH)-assisted aptasensor for direct capture and detection of hepatocellular exosomes. Although the potential of cancerous exosomes as tumor biomarkers is promising, sensitive and rapid detection of exosomes remains challenging. Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China ‡ Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China § Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, McKnight Brain Institute, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States S Supporting Information *ĪBSTRACT: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (50−100 nm) circulating in biofluids as intercellular signal transmitters. Aptasensor with Expanded Nucleotide Using DNA Nanotetrahedra for Electrochemical Detection of Cancerous Exosomes Sai Wang,‡,§,⊥ Liqin Zhang,†,§,⊥ Shuo Wan,§ Sena Cansiz,§ Cheng Cui,§ Yuan Liu,†,§ Ren Cai,§ Chengyi Hong,§ I-Ting Teng,§ Muling Shi,†,§ Yuan Wu,†,§ Yiyang Dong,*,‡ and Weihong Tan*,†,§ †